The article discusses the pharmacogenetics of arterial hypertension and pharmacological response to antihypertensive drugs, in particular the influence of pharmacogenetic polymorphism of different genes in the efficacy and safety of new loop diuretic torasemide. A review of the scientific evidence on the influence of genetic polymorphisms of genes metabolizsing enzyme CYP2C9 and anion transporter OAT on the pharmacokinetics of the drug (hepatic and renal clearance) and the pharmacodynamics (pronounced of diuretic and saluretic effects).

The objective of chronic myeloid leukemia therapy today is the achievement of cytogenetic and molecular remissions. The main problem of the CML therapy is the development of pharmacological resistance on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Oraladministration generates a complex step in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of these drugs. Interindividual PK variability is often large and variability observed in response is influencednot only by the genetic heterogeneity of drug targets, but also by the pharmacogenetic backgroundof the patient (e.g. cytochome P450 and ABC transporter polymorphisms), patient characteristics such as adherence to treatment and environmental factors (drug—drug interactions).The appropriate management of oncology patients thus requires careful monitoring of newer targeted therapies and the development of innovative pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic approaches to treatment individualization.

Today pharmacogenetics has been applied in many medical specialties. At the present time pharmacogenetic testing is not widely used in ophthalmology, although there have been many studies that relate to the treatment of common diseases such as glaucoma. The researchers set themselves the task to assess the risk of adverse side reactions, depending on the genotype of the patient. They were also interested in the efficacy of the treatment and its association with candidate genes, such as CYP2D6, an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of timolol, which is widely used in the treatment of glaucoma. A particular interest is gene polymorphisms of β₁ and β₂ receptors, affecting the level of reduction of intraocular pressure. It was mentioned a relatively new trend in pharmacogenetics — a pharmacogenetic aspects of the treatment of prostaglandin analogues. In the future such studies may contribute to improve the safety and efficacy of treatment.

Pharmacogenetics is one of the major tools of personalized medicine. Currently, there are more than 250 genes which are available for pharmacogenetic (PG) testing. Obviously, clinicians can’t handle all this information and feel self-confident while interpreting PG results. Clinical decision support system (CDSS) is known to help clinicians manage the complexities of genetics at the point of care. This review presents different types of CDSS, their architecture and how they work. Moreover, problems with implementation of PG tests in real clinical practice are discussed in this review.

Pharmacogenetics and clinical trials developed independently for decades. Nowadays it becomes apparent that genetic testing and the pharmacogenetic are necessary for the clinical studies to ensure effective and safe treatment. At the initial stages of clinical trials of the experimental groups we exclude volunteers and/or patients who have pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences by genetic testing. Conversely, later phases of clinical trials we to examine the efficacy and safety in the samples of patients with genetically determined differences from the norm.

Objective: To explore the Russian market commercial laboratories conducting pharmacogenetic testing for warfarin dosing personalization. Materials and methods. After the search the Internet using the Google search engine systems of laboratories and medical centers offering commercial pharmacogenetic testing for warfarin dosing personalization, conducted a survey of their information services. The results. Were compared with data from previously conducted a similar study conducted in 2010 (Gerasimova K. et al.). Significant differences were assessed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results. Compared with 2010, the number of commercial laboratories, performing pharmacogenetic testing for warfarin dosing increased personalization in Russia from 18 to 35. There is decrease in the cost of pharmacogenetic testing 6 018 [750; 14 000] to 2 395 rubles. [560; 11 880] (p<0.05). Also, reduce the period of pharmacogenetic test with 18 [5; 30] to 9 [3; 24] days (p<0.05). Conclusions. Compared with 2010, Russia increased availability perform pharmacogenetic testing for warfarin dosing personalization in commercial laboratories.