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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">phgenomics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармакогенетика и фармакогеномика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2588-0527</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8849</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC "Izdatelstvo OKI"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/2588-0527-0014</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">OSWOLZ</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">phgenomics-369</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭТНИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ФАРМАКОГЕНЕТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ETHNIC ASPECTS OF PHARMACOGENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Полиморфизмы CYP2C19 и ABCB1 у пациентов чувашской этнической группы: оценка резистентности к клопидогрелу и ассоциаций с повторным инфарктом миокарда</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CYP2C19 and ABCB1 polymorphisms in patients of Chuvash ethnic group: assessment of clopidogrel resistance and associations with recurrent myocardial infarction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8632-1408</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Георгиева</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Georgieva</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Георгиева Ксения Сергеевна — старший преподаватель кафедры фармакологии, клинической фармакологии и биохимии </p><p>Чебоксары</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia S. Georgieva — Senior Lecturer, Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology, and Biochemistry</p><p>Cheboksary</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KseniaPharm@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-7866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлова Светлана Ивановна — д. м. н., профессор, зав. кафедрой фармакологии, клинической фармакологии и биохимии </p><p>Чебоксары</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana I. Pavlova — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology, and Biochemistry</p><p>Cheboksary</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">flavonoid@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Чувашский государственный университет им. И. Н. Ульянова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Chuvash State University named after I. N. Ulyanov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Георгиева К.С., Павлова С.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Георгиева К.С., Павлова С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Georgieva K.S., Pavlova S.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics.ru/jour/article/view/369">https://www.pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics.ru/jour/article/view/369</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Частота резистентности к клопидогрелу у пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями (ССЗ) достигает 30–40 %, существенно увеличивая риск повторных инфарктов миокарда (ИМ) и других тромботических событий. Генетические полиморфизмы CYP2C19 и ABCB1 объясняют до 40 % вариабельности антиагрегантного ответа, однако данные по тюркским популяциям, включая чувашей, остаются фрагментарными.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Определить частоту полиморфизмов генов CYP2C19 (*2, *3, *17) и ABCB1 C3435T, а также их ассоциацию с повторным ИМ и резистентностью к клопидогрелу у пациентов чувашской этнической группы с ССЗ, включая острый коронарный синдром (ОКС).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В проспективное когортное исследование включено 216 пациентов чувашского этноса (средний возраст 66,5 лет) с ССЗ, включая ОКС, получавших двойную антитромбоцитарную терапию клопидогрелом. Проведено генотипирование полиморфизмов CYP2C19 (*2, *3, *17) и ABCB1 (3435C&gt;T) методом ПЦР в реальном времени. У подгруппы пациентов с ОКС (n=30) на 7-е сутки терапии выполнена турбидиметрическая оценка АДФ-индуцированной агрегации тромбоцитов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Среди пациентов чувашской этнической группы установлена высокая частота минорных аллелей: ABCB1 C3435T — 60,6 %, CYP2C19*17 (–806C&gt;T) — 28,7 %, тогда как частота CYP2C19*2 и CYP2C19*3 была низкой (9,05 и 1,85 % соответственно). Выявлена ассоциация гетерозиготного генотипа CT CYP2C19*17 с повышенной частотой повторных ИМ как в общей выборке (19,8 против 8,5 % у носителей CC; p=0,049), так и в подгруппе ОКС (30,2 против 12,9 %; p=0,037, p~CC–CT=0,044). При лабораторной оценке агрегации тромбоцитов наибольшая доля резистентных к антиагрегантам пациентов наблюдалась именно среди носителей гетерозиготного генотипа *1/*17 (фенотип быстрого метаболизма), в то время как среди гомозигот *17/*17 (ультрабыстрый метаболизм) случаев резистентности не зафиксировано. Для полиморфизмов CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3 и ABCB1 статистически значимых связей с повторными ИМ не установлено.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У пациентов-чувашей с ССЗ, включая ОКС, гетерозиготное носительство CYP2C19*17 ассоциировано с повторными ИМ, что противоречит ожидаемому увеличению антиагрегантного эффекта клопидогрела (фенотип быстрого метаболизма), что может свидетельствовать о возможной феноконверсии, обусловленной сочетанием генетических факторов (ABCB1 C3435T) и межлекарственного взаимодействия (приём омепразола).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The prevalence of clopidogrel resistance among patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) reaches 30–40 %, significantly increasing the risk of recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) and other thrombotic events. Genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C19 and ABCB1 account for up to 40 % of the variability in antiplatelet response; however, data on Turkic populations, including the Chuvash, remain fragmentary.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To determine the frequencies of CYP2C19 (*2, *3, *17) and ABCB1 C3435T polymorphisms, as well as their association with recurrent MI and clopidogrel resistance in patients of Chuvash ethnic origin with CVD, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. This prospective cohort study included 216 Chuvash patients (mean age 66.5 years) with CVD, including ACS, receiving dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel. Genotyping of CYP2C19 (*2, *3, *17) and ABCB1 (3435C&gt;T) polymorphisms was performed using real-time PCR. In a subgroup of ACS patients (n=30), ADP-induced platelet aGGreGAtion was assessed turbidimetrically on day 7 of therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Among Chuvash patients, a high frequency of minor alleles was observed: ABCB1 C3435T — 60.6 %, CYP2C1917 (–806C&gt;T) — 28.7 %, whereas the frequencies of CYP2C192 and CYP2C193 were low (9.05 % and 1.85 %, respectively). Heterozygous CT genotype of CYP2C19*17 was associated with a higher rate of recurrent MI both in the overall cohort (19.8 % vs. 8.5 % in CC carriers; p=0.049) and in the ACS subgroup (30.2 % vs. 12.9 %; p=0.037, p~CC–CT~ =0.044). Laboratory platelet aGGreGAtion assessment revealed that the highest proportion of antiplateletresistant patients was observed among heterozygotes carrying the *1/*17 genotype (rapid metabolizer phenotype), whereas no resistance cases were recorded among *17/*17 homozygotes (ultrarapid metabolizers). No statistically significant associations with recurrent MI were found for CYP2C192, CYP2C193, or ABCB1 polymorphisms.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In Chuvash patients with CVD, including ACS, heterozygous carriage of CYP2C1917 is associated with recurrent MI, which contradicts the expected enhancement of clopidogrel antiplatelet effect (rapid metabolizer phenotype). This may indicate possible phenoconversion due to the interplay of genetic factors (ABCB1 C3435T) and drug — drug interactions (concomitant omeprazole use).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клопидогрел</kwd><kwd>фармакогенетика</kwd><kwd>CYP2C19*17</kwd><kwd>ABCB1</kwd><kwd>чувашская популяция</kwd><kwd>повторный инфаркт миокарда</kwd><kwd>чуваши</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>clopidogrel</kwd><kwd>pharmacogenetics</kwd><kwd>CYP2C19*17</kwd><kwd>ABCB1</kwd><kwd>Chuvash population</kwd><kwd>recurrent myocardial infarction</kwd><kwd>Chuvash</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lewis JP, Stephens SH, Horenstein RB, et al. The CYP2C19*17 variant is not independently associated with clopidogrel response. 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