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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">phgenomics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармакогенетика и фармакогеномика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2588-0527</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8849</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC "Izdatelstvo OKI"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/2588-0527-0012</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">FSWEGZ</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">phgenomics-367</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фармакогенетический подход к назначению лекарственных препаратов у кардиохирургических пациентов с высоким риском осложнений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacogenetic approach to  prescribing  medications in cardiac surgery patients at high risk of complications</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2121-588X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селиванова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Selivanova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Селиванова Любовь Викторовна — зав. централизованным отделением клинической фармакологии, врач-клинический фармаколог НКЦ № 1 </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov V. Selivanova — Head of the Centralized Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacologist, Scientific Clinical Center No. 1</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lubovlechit711@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0032-2651</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лукина Мария Владимировна — к. м. н., врач-клинический фармаколог ГКБ № 1 имени Н. И. Пирогова; с. н. с. централизованного отделения клинической фармакологии ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б. В. Петровского»</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Lukina — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Clinical Pharmacologist, Pirogov City Clinical Hospital No. 1; Senior Researcher, Scientific Clinical Center No. 1, B. V. Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center of Surgery</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">LukinaMV1@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1377-0948</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдин</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudin</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юдин Владислав Сергеевич — ординатор кафедры клинической фармакологии и терапии имени Б. Е. Вотчала </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav S. Yudin — Resident, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy named after B. E. Votchal</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctor.judin.vlad@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5849-5585</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петренко</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrenko</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петренко Дарья Андреевна — врач-клинический фармаколог НКЦ № 1, младший научный сотрудник централизованного отделения клинической фармакологии </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria A. Petrenko — Clinical Pharmacologist, Scientific Clinical Center No. 1, Junior Researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrenkodasha17@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8680-7399</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вилижинская</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vilizhinskaya</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вилижинская Кристина Александровна — врач-кардиолог, м. н. с. НКЦ № 1 </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kristina A. Vilizhinskaya — Cardiologist, Junior Researcher, Scientific Clinical Center No. 1</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kvilizhinskaya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8464-4916</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гилевская</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gilevskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гилевская Юлия Сергеевна — ординатор сердечно-сосудистой хирургии НКЦ № 1 </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia S. Gilevskaya — Resident in Cardiovascular Surgery, Scientific Clinical Center No. 1</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gilevskaya.yus@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-1597</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>С. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>S. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попов Сергей Олегович — к. м. н., главный врач НКЦ № 1 </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey O. Popov — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Chief Physician, Scientific Clinical Center No. 1</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nrcs@med.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0227-2651</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sychev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сычев Иван Витальевич — научный сотрудник Центра геномных исследований мирового уровня «Центр предиктивной генетики, фармакогенетики и персонализированной терапии» </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Sychev — researcher of the World-Class Genomic Research Center "Center for Predictive Genetics, Pharmacogenetics, and Personalized Therapy"</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sychev_iv@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8013-1101</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рожков</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozhkov</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рожков Денис Евгеньевич — к. м. н., врач-кардиолог, зам. главного врача по медицинской части НКЦ № 1 </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis E. Rozhkov — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Cardiologist, Deputy Chief Physician for Medical Affairs, Scientific Clinical Center No. 1</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rozhkov-17@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-4994</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирзаев</surname><given-names>К. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mirzaev</surname><given-names>K. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мирзаев Карин Бадавиевич — д. м. н., доцент, зам. руководителя Центра геномных исследований мирового уровня «Центр предиктивной генетики, фармакогенетики и персонализированной терапии» ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б. В. Петровского»; профессор кафедры   клинической   фармакологии и терапии имени Б. Е. Вотчала ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования»</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karin B. Mirzaev — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Deputy Head of the World-Class Genomic Research Center "Center for Predictive Genetics, Pharmacogenetics, and Personalized Therapy" of the B. V. Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center of Surgery; Professor of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy named after B. E. Votchal, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karin05doc@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-3680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sychev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сычев Дмитрий Алексеевич — д. м. н., профессор, профессор РАН, академик РАН, научный руководитель Центра геномных исследований мирового уровня «Центр предиктивной генетики, фармакогенетики и персонализированной терапии» ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б. В. Петровского»; зав. кафедрой клинической фармакологии и терапии имени Б. Е. Вотчала ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования»</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Sychev — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, scientific supervisor of the World-Class Genomic Research Center "Center for Predictive Genetics, Pharmacogenetics, and Personalized Therapy" of the B. V. Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center of Surgery; Head of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy named after B. E. Votchal, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dimasychev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б. В. Петровского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Petrovsky   National   Research Centre   of   Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б. В. Петровского»;&#13;
ГБУЗ «ГКБ № 1 им. Н. И. Пирогова ДЗМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Petrovsky   National   Research Centre   of   Surgery;&#13;
Pirogov City Clinical Hospital No.1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian  Medical  Academy  of  Continuous  Professional  Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б. В. Петровского»;&#13;
ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Petrovsky   National   Research Centre   of   Surgery;&#13;
Russian  Medical  Academy  of  Continuous  Professional  Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Селиванова Л.В., Лукина М.В., Юдин В.С., Петренко Д.А., Вилижинская К.А., Гилевская Ю.С., Попов С.О., Сычев И.В., Рожков Д.Е., Мирзаев К.Б., Сычев Д.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Селиванова Л.В., Лукина М.В., Юдин В.С., Петренко Д.А., Вилижинская К.А., Гилевская Ю.С., Попов С.О., Сычев И.В., Рожков Д.Е., Мирзаев К.Б., Сычев Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Selivanova L.V., Lukina M.V., Yudin V.S., Petrenko D.A., Vilizhinskaya K.A., Gilevskaya Y.S., Popov S.O., Sychev I.V., Rozhkov D.E., Mirzaev K.B., Sychev D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics.ru/jour/article/view/367">https://www.pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics.ru/jour/article/view/367</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Кардиохирургические пациенты относятся к группе высокого фармакологического риска из-за полиморбидности, полипрагмазии и влияния искусственного кровообращения.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы поиска</title><p>Методы поиска. Поиск литературы выполнен в базах PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus и eLibrary.ru (2015–2025 гг.). Ключевые слова: «фармакогенетика AND кардиохирургия», «warfarin pharmacogenetics», «clopidogrel CYP2C19», «SLCO1B1 statin myopathy», «drug-gene interactions». Всего отобрано и проанализировано 42 источника. Критерии включения: оригинальные исследования, метаанализы, систематические обзоры и клинические рекомендации на английском или русском языке; критерии исключения: отдельные клинические случаи, экспериментальные работы, тезисы конференций без полного текста.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Полиморфизмы VKORC1 и CYP2C9 объясняют до 50–60 % вариабельности дозы варфарина; генотипирование снижает риск кровотечений и ускоряет достижение целевого МНО. Носительство аллелей потери функции CYP2C19 ухудшает активацию клопидогрела, повышая риск ишемических осложнений. Вариант SLCO1B1 ассоциирован с повышенным риском миопатии на фоне статинов. В российской популяции частота клинически значимых аллелей сопоставима с европейской. Концепции взаимодействий «лекарство — ген» и «лекарство-лекарство-ген» могут потенцировать неблагоприятные исходы. Внедрение фармакогенетического тестирования ограничено организационными, финансовыми и образовательными барьерами.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Для кардиохирургических пациентов наиболее перспективен мультипараметрический алгоритм, включающий мультилокусное генотипирование (CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP2C19, SLCO1B1, ABCG2), оценку клинических факторов и лекарственных взаимодействий.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Cardiac surgery patients are at high pharmacological risk due to comorbidities, polypharmacy, and cardiopulmonary bypass.</p></sec><sec><title>Search methods</title><p>Search methods. A literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and eLibrary.ru (2015-2025) using keywords: “pharmacogenetics AND cardiac surgery”, “warfarin pharmacogenetics”, “clopidogrel CYP2C19”, “SLCO1B1 statin myopathy”, “drug-gene interactions”. In total, 42 sources were selected and analyzed. Inclusion criteria: original studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and clinical guidelines in English or Russian. Exclusion criteria: single case reports, experimental studies, conference abstracts without full text.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. VKORC1 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms account for 50–60 % of warfarin dose variability; genotyping reduces bleeding risk and accelerates time to therapeutic INR. Loss-of-function CYP2C19 alleles impair clopidogrel activation, increasing ischemic event risk. The SLCO1B1 variant is associated with higher risk of statin-induced myopathy. In the Russian population, the frequency of clinically relevant alleles is comparable to European populations. Drug — gene and drugdrug-gene interaction concepts may potentiate adverse outcomes. Implementation of pharmacogenetic testing is limited by organizational, financial, and educational barriers.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. For cardiac surgery patients, a multiparametric algorithm incorporating multilocus genotyping (CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP2C19, SLCO1B1, ABCG2), clinical factor assessment, and drug interaction evaluation is the most promising strategy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фармакогенетика</kwd><kwd>кардиохирургия</kwd><kwd>варфарин</kwd><kwd>клопидогрел</kwd><kwd>статины</kwd><kwd>персонализированная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pharmacogenetics</kwd><kwd>cardiac surgery</kwd><kwd>warfarin</kwd><kwd>clopidogrel</kwd><kwd>statins</kwd><kwd>personalized therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yip VL, Pirmohamed M. Expanding role of pharmacogenomics in the management of cardiovascular disorders. 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