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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">phgenomics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармакогенетика и фармакогеномика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2588-0527</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8849</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC "Izdatelstvo OKI"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/2588-0527-0008</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">BQRZEP</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">phgenomics-363</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов в прогнозировании индивидуального риска инсульта</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of single nucleotide polymorphisms in predicting individual stroke risk</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0107-4573</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковтун</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovtun</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковтун Наталия Александровна — к. м. н., зав. лабораторией ФГБУ «Клиническая больница № 1» УДП РФ, доцент кафедры организации здравоохранения и общественного здоровья, медицинского страхования и государственного контроля в сфере здравоохранения ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» УДП РФ</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Kovtun — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of Laboratory at Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, and Associate Professor of the Department of Healthcare Organization and Public Health, Medical Insurance, and State Control in Healthcare at the Central State Medical Academy of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovtun.na@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2790-2659</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаева</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Isaeva</surname><given-names>Т. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исаева Татьяна Викторовна — к. м. н., начальник центра медицинской реабилитации </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Isaeva — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Medical Rehabilitation Center</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tanisa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-2250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савельева</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savelyeva</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савельева Марина Ивановна — д. м. н., профессор, профессор кафедры терапии им. проф. Е. Н. Дормидонтова </p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina I. Savelyeva — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Professor of the Department of Therapy named after Professor E. N. Dormidontov</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marinasavelyeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9707-3262</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бояринцев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boyarintsev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бояринцев Валерий Владимирович — д. м. н., профессор, профессор РАН, зав. кафедрой скорой медицинской помощи, неотложной и экстремальной медицины </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery V. Boyarintsev — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Emergency Care, Urgent and Extreme Medicine</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">wpx@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Клиническая больница № 1» УДП РФ;&#13;
ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» УДП РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical Hospital № 1 of Department of President Affairs;&#13;
Central State Medical Academy of Department of President Affairs</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Клиническая больница № 1» УДП РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical Hospital № 1 of Department of President Affairs</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» УДП РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central State Medical Academy of Department of President Affairs</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ковтун Н.А., Исаева Т.В., Савельева М.И., Бояринцев В.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ковтун Н.А., Исаева Т.В., Савельева М.И., Бояринцев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kovtun N.A., Isaeva Т.V., Savelyeva M.I., Boyarintsev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics.ru/jour/article/view/363">https://www.pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics.ru/jour/article/view/363</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. В условиях развития предиктивной медицины особую актуальность приобретает персонализированная оценка вероятности развития ишемического инсульта на основе молекулярно-генетического тестирования. Полиморфизмы генов фолатного цикла (MTHFR, MTR, MTRR), приводящие к гипергомоцистеинемии, вызывают эндотелиальную дисфункцию и ускоряют атерогенез. Не менее важна роль ренин-ангиотензиновой системы (РАС): генетические вариации в генах AGT и NOS3 ассоциированы с артериальной гипертензией и изменением сосудистого тонуса, что создаёт фон для цереброваскулярных катастроф.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить ассоциации полиморфизмов генов фолатного цикла и ренин-ангиотензиновой системы с риском развития ишемического инсульта или транзиторной ишемической атаки (ТИА).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В наблюдательное исследование включено 492 пациента, находившихся на стационарном лечении в ФГБУ «Клиническая больница № 1» УДП РФ в период 2022–2025 гг., и подписавших информированное согласие на молекулярно-генетическое тестирование. Проведён сравнительный анализ клинико-лабораторных, инструментальных и молекулярно-генетических данных (полиморфизмы генов MTHFR, MTR, MTRR, AGT, NOS3, AGTR1) между группой ишемического инсульта (n=426) и группой ТИА (n=66). Статистическая обработка выполнена с использованием U-критерия Манна-Уитни и критерия χ² Пирсона.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Пациенты с инсультом были старше (73 против 66 лет, p=0,005), среди них чаще встречались мужчины (43,4 % против 27,3 %, p=0,013). В группе инсульта выявлены статистически значимо более высокие уровни триглицеридов (p &lt;0,001) и калия (p &lt;0,001), а также чаще регистрировалась патология при МРТ исследовании (p &lt;0,001). Генетический анализ показал достоверное преобладание в группе инсульта гомозиготных генотипов CC по полиморфизму C677T гена MTHFR (p=0,001), CC по AGT174 (p=0,004), CC по AGT235 (p &lt;0,001) и CC по NOS3 (p=0,028). В группе ТИА значимо чаще встречались генотипы TT по C677T AGT235 и NOS3, а также гетерозиготный генотип CT по AGT174.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Молекулярно-генетическое тестирование полиморфизмов генов фолатного цикла и ренин-ангиотензиновой системы является перспективным инструментом стратификации риска и дифференциальной диагностики ишемического инсульта и транзиторной ишемической атаки, что в перспективе может служить основой для персонализированного подхода к фармакотерапии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. In the context of predictive medicine, personalized assessment of ischemic stroke risk based on molecular genetic testing is becoming increasingly relevant. Polymorphisms in folate cycle genes (MTHFR, MTR, MTRR), leading to hyperhomocysteinemia, cause endothelial dysfunction and accelerate atherogenesis. The role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is no less important: genetic variations in the AGT and NOS3 genes are associated with arterial hypertension and altered vascular tone, which creates a predisposition to cerebrovascular accidents.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To identify associations between polymorphisms of folate cycle and renin-angiotensin system genes and the development of acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA).</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The observational study included 492 patients who were treated in hospital at the Institution Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation in the period 2022–2025 and who signed informed consent for molecular genetic testing. A comparative analysis of clinical, laboratory, instrumental, and molecular genetic data (polymorphisms of MTHFR, MTR, MTRR, AGT, NOS3, and AGTR1) was performed between the ischemic stroke group (n=426) and the TIA group (n=66). Statistical analysis was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson's chisquared test.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Stroke patients were older (73 vs 66 years, p=0.005) and more frequently male (43.4 % vs 27.3 %, p=0.013). The stroke group had significantly higher triglyceride levels (p &lt; 0.001) and potassium levels (p &lt; 0.001), as well as a higher frequency of pathological MRT findings (p &lt; 0.001). Genetic analysis revealed a significant predominance in the stroke group of homozygous CC genotypes for MTHFR C677T (p=0.001), AGT174 (p=0.004), AGT235 (p &lt; 0.001), and NOS3 (p=0.028). In contrast, the TIA group more frequently carried TT genotypes for C677T AGT235, and NOS3, as well as the heterozygous CT genotype for AGT174.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Molecular genetic testing of polymorphisms in folate cycle and renin — angiotensin system genes represents a promising tool for risk stratification and differential diagnosis of ischemic stroke versus TIA, and may serve as a foundation for personalized pharmacotherapy in the nearest future.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>транзиторная ишемическая атака</kwd><kwd>однонуклеотидные полиморфизмы</kwd><kwd>фолатный цикл</kwd><kwd>ренин-ангиотензиновая система</kwd><kwd>MTHFR</kwd><kwd>AGT</kwd><kwd>NOS3</kwd><kwd>персонализированная медицина</kwd><kwd>фармакогенетика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ischemic stroke</kwd><kwd>transient ischemic attack</kwd><kwd>single nucleotide polymorphisms</kwd><kwd>folate cycle</kwd><kwd>renin-angiotensin system</kwd><kwd>MTHFR</kwd><kwd>AGT</kwd><kwd>NOS3</kwd><kwd>personalized medicine</kwd><kwd>pharmacogenetics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дутова Т. 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