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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">phgenomics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармакогенетика и фармакогеномика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2588-0527</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8849</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC "Izdatelstvo OKI"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/2588-0527-2025-3-21-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">QHNMRCS</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">phgenomics-337</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФАРМАКОГЕНЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL PHARMACOGENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетические предикторы концентрации морфина: значение полиморфизмов ABCB1 в паллиативной онкологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic predictors of morphine concentration: ABCB1 polymorphisms’ importance in palliative oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-9250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайтович</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaytovich</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хайтович Евгений Дмитриевич — врач –клинический фармаколог, ассистент кафедры клинической фармакологии и пропедевтики внутренних болезней,</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny D. Khaytovich — Clinical Pharmacologist, Assistant, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Internal Medicine Propaedeutics,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eukhad@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6589-7654</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ших</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shikh</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ших Евгения Валерьевна — д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой клинической фармакологии и пропедевтики внутренних болезней,</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenia V. Shikh — PhD, Dr. Sci (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chih@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский Университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хайтович Е.Д., Ших Е.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хайтович Е.Д., Ших Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khaytovich E.D., Shikh E.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics.ru/jour/article/view/337">https://www.pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics.ru/jour/article/view/337</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Фармакокинетика морфина у онкологических пациентов характеризуется высокой межиндивидуальной вариабельностью, отчасти обусловленной генетическими факторами. До настоящего времени роль полиморфизмов гена ABCB1 в модификации экспозиции морфина у данной категории пациентов изучена недостаточно.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить влияние полиморфизмов rs1128503, rs2032582 и rs1045642 гена ABCB1 на равновесную концентрацию морфина в плазме крови у пациентов с онкологическими заболеваниями, получающих терапию в условиях паллиативной помощи.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В исследование включены 86 онкологических пациентов, находившихся на лечении в паллиативном отделении ГБУЗ «Московский много- профильный центр паллиативной помощи» Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы. Все участники получали морфин перорально в стабильных дозах от 30 до 100 мг/сут. Генотипирование полиморфизмов ABCB1 проводилось методом ПЦР в режиме реального времени. Концентрации морфина в плазме определялись методом ВЭЖХ-МС/МС. Статистический анализ включал оценку нормальности распределения (критерий Шапиро–Уилка), непараметрические критерии Манна–Уитни и Краскела–Уоллиса, χ², p ≤ 0,05 считалось статистически значимым.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У носителей ТТ-генотипа rs1045642 при дозе 80–100 мг/сут медианная концентрация морфина составила 151,8 нмоль/л, превышая значения у CT (110,4 нмоль/л) и CC (83,7 нмоль/л), при p = 0,097 (χ²), p ≤ 0,05 для парных сравнений. Аналогичные тенденции выявлены для rs2032582 и rs1128503, с достоверными различиями между носителями минорных аллелей. Нежелательных явлений, связанных с исследуемым вмешательством, не зарегистрировано.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Носительство определённых аллельных вариантов ABCB1 ассоциировано с повышенной экспозицией морфина. Учёт генетических предикторов может способствовать индивидуализации дозирования у онкологических пациентов, получающих паллиативную терапию.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Morphine pharmacokinetics in cancer patients are characterized by high interindividual variability, partly due to genetic factors. The role of ABCB1 gene polymorphisms in modifying morphine exposure in this patient population has been poorly studied.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To evaluate the effect of ABCB1 gene polymorphisms rs1128503, rs2032582, and rs1045642 on steady-state plasma morphine concentrations in patients with cancer receiving palliative care.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. This study included 86 patients with cancer treated in the Palliative Care Department of the Moscow Multidisciplinary Palliative Care Center of the Moscow Department of Health. All participants received stable oral morphine doses ranging from 30 to 100 mg/day. ABCB1 polymorphisms were genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Plasma morphine concentrations were determined using HPLC-MS/MS. Statistical analysis included an assessment of normality (Shapiro-Wilk test), nonparametric Mann–Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and χ², with p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In carriers of the TT genotype rs1045642, at a dose of 80–100 mg/day, the median morphine concentration was 151.8 nmol/L, exceeding the values in CT (110.4 nmol/L) and CC (83.7 nmol/L), with p = 0.097 (χ²), p ≤ 0.05 for pairwise comparisons. Similar trends were found for rs2032582 and rs1128503,</p><p>with significant differences between carriers of minor alleles. No adverse events related to the study intervention were reported.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Carriage of certain ABCB1 allelic variants is associated with increased exposure to morphine. Genetic predictors may facilitate individualized dosing in patients with cancer undergoing palliative care.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фармакогенетика</kwd><kwd>паллиативная помощь</kwd><kwd>морфин</kwd><kwd>ABCB1</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>P-гликопротеин</kwd><kwd>персонализированная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pharmacogenetics</kwd><kwd>palliative care</kwd><kwd>morphine</kwd><kwd>ABCB1</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>P-glycoprotein</kwd><kwd>personalized therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drescher S, Schaeffeler E, Hitzl M, et al. MDR1 gene polymorphisms and disposition of the P-glycoprotein substrate fexofenadine. 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