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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">phgenomics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармакогенетика и фармакогеномика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2588-0527</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8849</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC "Izdatelstvo OKI"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/2588-0527-2025-2-23-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">UISFIM</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">phgenomics-330</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФАРМАКОГЕНЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL PHARMACOGENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фармакогенетические маркеры в лечении больных туберкулёзом с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью возбудителя</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacogenetic markers in the treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5686-536X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванова Диана Александровна — д. м. н., учёный секретарь, врач-фтизиатр, врач-терапевт Городского клинико-диагностического центра ГБУЗ «МНПЦ борьбы с туберкулёзом ДЗМ»; профессор кафедры фтизиатрии ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО Минздрава России.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Diana A. Ivanova — PhD, Dr. Sci. (Med), Scientific Secretary, TB Doctor, General Practitioner, The Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Government Department of Health; Professor of the Department of Phthisiology FSBEI FRE RMACPE MOH Russia.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d-ivanova@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4681-550X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юровская</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurovskaya</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юровская Екатерина Игоревна— врач-фтизиатр диспансерного фтизиатрического отделения филиала по СЗАО ГБУЗ «МНПЦ борьбы с туберкулёзом ДЗМ»</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina I. Yurovskaya — TB doctor at the TB dispensary department of the North-West District branch, The Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Government Department of Health.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.the_end_tb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4037-9067</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкина</surname><given-names>К. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkina</surname><given-names>K. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галкина Ксения Юрьевна — к. б. н., в. н. с. отдела проблем лабораторной диагностики туберкулёза и патоморфологии ГБУЗ «МНПЦ борьбы с туберкулёзом ДЗМ».</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina I. Yurovskaya — PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biol), Leading Researcher at the Department of Laboratory Diagnostics of Tuberculosis and Pathomorphology, The Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Government Department of Health.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ksyu.galkina.79@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом ДЗМ»; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">The Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Government Department of Health; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом ДЗМ»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">The Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Government Department of Health<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иванова Д.А., Юровская Е.И., Галкина К.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванова Д.А., Юровская Е.И., Галкина К.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanova D.A., Yurovskaya E.I., Galkina K.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics.ru/jour/article/view/330">https://www.pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics.ru/jour/article/view/330</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Лечение больных туберкулёзом (ТБ) с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью (МЛУ) возбудителя часто осложняется нежелательными реакциями (НР) с вынужденной отменой препаратов, его эффективность далека от целевых показателей и зависит от ряда факторов, в том числе генетических особенностей пациента. Фармакогенетические маркеры МЛУ-ТБ не изучены; ожидается, что их выявление позволит улучшить результаты лечения на основе персонализированного подхода.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Определить фармакогенетические маркеры, связанные с эффективностью и безопасностью лечения больных туберкулёзом с МЛУ возбудителя.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В проспективное когортное исследование включено 40 пациентов больных с МЛУ-туберкулёзом без ВИЧ-инфекции, получавших терапию по режимам с включением бедаквилина, линезолида и фторхинолона в 2023–2024 гг. У всех пациентов однократно независимо от сроков терапии осуществляли забор 3–5 мл венозной крови; методом ПЦР в реальном времени определяли наличие однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов генов цитохромов (CYP3A4, CYP3A5), Р-гликопротеина (ABCB1), мембранного АТФ-связывающего кассетного транспортёра (ABCG2), транспортёра органических анионов (SLCO1B1), отобранных на основе анализа литературы и базы PharmGKB. Оценивали их взаимосвязь с показателями эффективности и безопасности лечения с помощью одномерного анализа, с расчётом отношения шансов (ОШ) и его 95 % доверительного интервала (95 % ДИ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Определены целевые полиморфизмы: SLCO1B1 (rs4149056 — у 25,8 %), ABCB1 (rs1045642 — у 75,0 %, rs2032582 — 72,2 %, rs1128503 — 77,8 %), ABCG2 (rs2231142 — у 24,3 %), CYP3A4 (rs2740574 — у 8,1 %), CYP3A5 (rs776746 — у 10,8 %). Эффективность лечения по критерию прекращения бактериовыделения составила 89,3 % (95 % ДИ 72,0–97,1 %); частота НР — 70 % (95 % ДИ 54,5–82,0 %), преобладали нейротоксические реакции (у 11 из 40 больных, 27,5 %). Генотипы АА гена CYP3A5 rs776746 и АА гена ABCG2 rs2231142 ассоциировались с минимальной частотой прекращения бактериовыделения: соответственно, у 33 % и 0 % лиц с каждым вариантом по сравнению со 100 % у остальных, р &lt; 0,01; ОШ 0,021 (95 % ДИ 0,001–0,77) и 0,083 (95 % ДИ 0,01–0,98). Риск нейротоксических реакций был выше при наличии «дикого» варианта (генотип GG) гена ABCB1 rs2032582 (55,6 % против 16,0 % у больных с аллельными полиморфизмами, р = 0,034; ОШ 6,3; 95 % ДИ 1,2–33,3); гастроинтестинальных реакций — при наличии генотипа ТТ гена ABCB1 rs1128503 (50,0 % против 10,0 %, р = 0,045; ОШ = 9,0; 95 % ДИ 1,22–66,2 %).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выявлены полиморфизмы генов CYP3A5 (rs776746, генотип АА) и ABCG2 (rs2231142, генотип АА), связанные с неблагоприятными результатами лечения больных МЛУ-ТБ. Определены генетические предикторы нейротоксических и гастроинтестинальных реакций при лечении больных с МЛУ возбудителя.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Treatment of patients with tuberculosis (TB) with multidrug-resistant (MDR) causative agent is often complicated by adverse reactions (AR) with forced drug discontinuation, its effectiveness is far from the target indicators and depends on a number of factors, including the patient's genetic characteristics. Pharmacogenetic markers of MDR-TB have not been studied; it is expected that their identification will improve the results of treatment based on a personalized approach.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. to determine the pharmacogenetic markers associated with the efficacy and safety of treatment of patients with MDR TB.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A prospective cohort study included 40 patients with MDR-TB without HIV infection who received therapy with bedaquiline, linezolid, and a fluoroquinolone in 2023–2024. All patients had 3–5 ml of venous blood collected once, regardless of the duration of therapy. Real-time PCR was used to determine the presence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes for cytochromes (CYP3A4, CYP3A5), P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), the membranebound ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCG2), and the organic anion transporter (SLCO1B1), which were selected based on literature analysis and the PharmGKB database. The relationship between these indicators and the effectiveness and safety of treatment was assessed using univariate analysis, with the calculation of the odds ratio (OR) and its 95 % confidence interval (CI).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Target polymorphisms were identified: SLCO1B1 (rs4149056 — in 25.8 %), ABCB1 (rs1045642 — in 75.0 %, rs2032582 — 72.2 %, rs1128503 — 77.8 %), ABCG2 (rs2231142 — in 24.3 %), CYP3A4 (rs2740574 — in 8.1 %), CYP3A5 (rs776746 — in 10.8 %). The treatment efficacy based on the criterion of cessation of bacteriosis was 89.3 % (95 % CI 72.0–97.1 %); the incidence of adverse events was 70 % (95 % CI 54.5–82.0 %), with neurotoxic reactions prevailing (in 11 of 40 patients, 27.5 %). The AA genotypes of the CYP3A5 rs776746 gene and the AA genotypes of the ABCG2 rs2231142 gene were associated with a minimum frequency of cessation of bacterial shedding: respectively, in 33 % and 0% of individuals with each variant, compared to 100% in the rest, p &lt; 0.01; OR 0.021 (95 % CI 0.001–0.77) and 0.083 (95% CI 0.01–0.98). The risk of neurotoxic reactions was higher in the presence of the "wild" variant (genotype GG) of the ABCB1 rs2032582 gene (55.6 % vs. 16.0 % in patients with allelic polymorphisms, p = 0.034; OR 6.3; 95 % CI 1.2–33.3); gastrointestinal reactions — in the presence of the TT genotype of the ABCB1 rs1128503 gene (50.0 % vs. 10.0 %, p = 0.045; OR=9.0; 95 % CI 1.22–66.2 %).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Polymorphisms of CYP3A5 (rs776746, AA genotype) and ABCG2 (rs2231142, AA genotype) genes were revealed, associated with unfavorable results of treatment of patients with MDR-TB. Genetic predictors of neurotoxic and gastrointestinal reactions during treatment of patients with MDR of the pathogen were determined.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туберкулёз</kwd><kwd>множественная лекарственная устойчивость</kwd><kwd>противотуберкулёзная химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>персонализированное лечение</kwd><kwd>фармакогенетические маркеры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>multidrug resistance</kwd><kwd>anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>personalized treatment</kwd><kwd>pharmacogenetic markers</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO. Global Tuberculosis Report 2024. – Geneva: World Health Organization, 2024. – P. 1-68. 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