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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">phgenomics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармакогенетика и фармакогеномика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2588-0527</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8849</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC "Izdatelstvo OKI"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/2588-0527-2025-1-17-23</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">BXYGEA</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">phgenomics-321</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАКОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACOGENETICS STUDY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Полиморфизмы генов CYP2C9 и VKORC1 и их ассоциация с кальцинозом клапанов сердца у пациентов–чувашей с хронической ревматической болезнью сердца</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Polymorphisms of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes and their association with calcification of heart valves in Chuvash patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8632-1408</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Георгиева</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Georgieva</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ксения Сергеевна Георгиева, ассистент</p><p>кафедра фармакологии, клинической фармакологии и биохимии</p><p>Чебоксары</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia S. Georgieva, Assistant Professor</p><p>Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology, and Biochemistry</p><p>Cheboksary</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KseniaPharm@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-7866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Ивановна Павлова, заведующая кафедрой</p><p>кафедра фармакологии, клинической фармакологии и биохимии</p><p>Чебоксары</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana I. Pavlova, Head of the Department</p><p>Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology, and Biochemistry</p><p>Cheboksary</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">flavonoid@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Чувашский государственный университет имени И.Н. Ульянова»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Георгиева К.С., Павлова С.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Георгиева К.С., Павлова С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Georgieva K.S., Pavlova S.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics.ru/jour/article/view/321">https://www.pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics.ru/jour/article/view/321</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Пациентам с хронической ревматической болезнью сердца (ХРБС) часто требуется назначение варфарина, индивидуальная чувствительность к которому определяется полиморфизмами генов CYP2C9 и VKORC1. Применение варфарина ассоциировано с кальцинозом артериальных сосудов, что объясняют ингибированием матриксного белка MGP. Это может быть значимым при ХРБС, характерным признаком которой является кальциноз клапанов сердца.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучение полиморфизмов СУР2С9 (C430T и A1075C), VKORC1 (−1639G&gt;A), и их ассоциации с кальцинозом клапанов сердца у пациентов-чувашей с ХРБС, получающих варфарин.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В исследование включены пациенты, соответствующие критериям: 18–80 лет, подтверждённая ХРБС, терапия варфарином, самоидентификация как этнического чуваша. Кальциноз клапанов подтверждали эхокардиографией. Генотипирование выполняли методом ПЦР.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Частота аллеля A гена VKORC1 (−1639G&gt;A) составила 48,60 %, аллеля T (CYP2C9*2) — 10,15 %, а аллеля C (CYP2C9*3) — 4,05 %. Кальциноз клапанов сердца был выявлен у 75,7 % обследованных: наиболее часто поражались аортальный (50 %) и митральный (45,9 %) клапаны, тогда как трёхстворчатый клапан вовлекался реже (4,1 %). Статистический анализ продемонстрировал достоверную ассоциацию между гомозиготным носительством аллеля A VKORC1 (−1639G&gt;A) и развитием кальциноза аортального клапана (р = 0,023), при этом разница между группами AA и GA также достигла статистической значимости (p = 0,021).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выявление генетических вариантов VKORC1, а также связь носительства аллеля А в гомозиготной форме с кальцинозом клапанов у пациентов с ХРБС, получающих терапию варфарином, может помочь в персонализации антикоагулянтной терапии, учитывающей как риски гипокоагуляции, так и возможное прогрессирование кальциноза клапанов сердца.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease (CRHD) often require warfarin, individual sensitivity to which is determined by polymorphisms of the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes. Warfarin use is associated with arterial calcification, which is explained by inhibition of the matrix protein MGP. This may be significant in CRHD, a characteristic feature of which is calcification of the heart valves.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To study the polymorphisms of CYP2C9 (C430T and A1075C), VKORC1 (−1639G&gt;A), and their association with calcification of the heart valves in Chuvash patients with CRHD receiving warfarin.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The study included patients meeting the following criteria: 18–80 years old, confirmed CRHD, warfarin therapy, self-identification as an ethnicChuvash. Calcification of the valves was confirmed by echocardiography. Genotyping was performed by PCR.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The frequency of the A allele of the VKORC1 gene (−1639G&gt;A) was 48.60 %, the T allele (CYP2C9*2) — 10.15%, and the C allele (CYP2C9*3) — 4.05 %. Calcification of the heart valves was detected in 75.7 % of the examined patients: the aortic (50 %) and mitral (45.9 %) valves were most often affected, while the tricuspid valve was involved less often (4.1 %). Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant association between homozygous carriage of the VKORC1 (−1639G&gt;A) allele A and the development of aortic valve calcification (p = 0.023), while the difference between the AA and GA groups also reached statistical significance (p = 0.021).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Identification of VKORC1 genetic variants, as well as the association of carriage of the A allele in homozygous form with valve calcification in patients with CRHD receiving warfarin therapy, can help in personalizing anticoagulant therapy, taking into account both the risks of hypocoagulation and the possible progression of heart valve calcification.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фармакогенетика</kwd><kwd>чуваши</kwd><kwd>варфарин</kwd><kwd>кальциноз</kwd><kwd>хроническая ревматическая болезнь сердца</kwd><kwd>полиморфизмы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pharmacogenetics</kwd><kwd>Chuvash</kwd><kwd>warfarin</kwd><kwd>calcinosis</kwd><kwd>chronic rheumatic heart disease</kwd><kwd>polymorphisms</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Прикладная фармакогенетика : Монография / Под ред. 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