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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">phgenomics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармакогенетика и фармакогеномика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2588-0527</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8849</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC "Izdatelstvo OKI"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/2588-0527-2024-2-37-45</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">FMIQSQ</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">phgenomics-291</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФАРМАКОГЕНЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL PHARMACOGENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетический полиморфизм, влияющий на метаболизм противотуберкулёзных препаратов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic polymorphisms affect the metabolism of antituberculosis drugs</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2292-1228</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюлькова</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyulkova</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тюлькова Татьяна Евгеньевна — д. м. н., доцент, г. н. с. научной лаборатории иммунопатологии и иммунодиагностики туберкулезной инфекции</p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana E. Tyulkova — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Chief Researcher at the Scientific Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunodiagnostics of Tuberculosis Infection</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tulkova2006@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3262-4873</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткачук</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkachuk</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ткачук Артем Петрович — к. б. н., в. н. с. научной лаборатории микробиологии, вирусологии и молекулярно-генетических методов исследования</p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem P. Tkachuk — PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biol), Leading researcher at the Scientific Laboratory of Microbiology, Virology and Molecular Genetic Research Methods</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3505-8520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акмалова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akmalova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акмалова Кристина Анатольевна — н. с. отдела предиктивных и прогностических биомаркеров НИИ молекулярной и персонализированной медицины</p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kristina A. Akmalova — Researcher at the Department of Predictive and Predictive Biomarkers of the Research Institute of Molecular and Personalized Medicine</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-1499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдуллаев</surname><given-names>Ш. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdullayev</surname><given-names>Sh. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абдуллаев Шерзод Пардабоевич — к. б. н., с. н. с., зав. отделом предиктивных и прогностических биомаркеров НИИ молекулярной и персонализированной медицины</p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sherzod P. Abdullayev — PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biol), Senior Researcher, Head of the Department of Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers at the Research Institute of Molecular and Personalized Medicine</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-4994</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирзаев</surname><given-names>К. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mirzaev</surname><given-names>K. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мирзаев Карин Бадавиевич — д. м. н., проректор по научной работе и инновациям, директор НИИ молекулярной и персонализированной медицины, профессор кафедры клинической фармакологии и терапии имени академика Б. Е. Вотчала</p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karin B. Mirzaev — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Vice-Rector for Research and Innovation, Director of Research Institute of Molecular and Personalized Medicine, Professor of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy named after Academician B. E. Votchala</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-3680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sychev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сычев Дмитрий Алексеевич — д. м. н., профессор, академик РАН, зав. кафедрой клинической фармакологии и терапии имени академика Б. Е. Вотчала, ректор</p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Sychev — PhD, Dr. Sci (Med.), Professor, Academician RAS, Head. Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy named after Academician B. E. Votchala, Rector</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2296-6151</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мануйлов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Manuylov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мануйлов Виктор Александрович — к. б. н., с. н. с. лаборатории трансляционной биомедицины; генеральный директор</p><p>Москва; Дубна </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor A. Manuylov — PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biol), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine; CEO</p><p>Moscow; Dubna</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Н. Ф. Гамалеи»  ; ООО «Экспертные лабораторные технологии»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology ; Expert Laboratory Technologies LLC<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тюлькова Т.Е., Ткачук А.П., Акмалова К.А., Абдуллаев Ш.П., Мирзаев К.Б., Сычев Д.А., Мануйлов В.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тюлькова Т.Е., Ткачук А.П., Акмалова К.А., Абдуллаев Ш.П., Мирзаев К.Б., Сычев Д.А., Мануйлов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tyulkova T.E., Tkachuk A.P., Akmalova K.A., Abdullayev S.P., Mirzaev K.B., Sychev D.A., Manuylov V.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics.ru/jour/article/view/291">https://www.pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics.ru/jour/article/view/291</self-uri><abstract><p>Основной проблемой фтизиатрии до настоящего времени остаётся низкая эффективность химиотерапии. Среди факторов, приводящих к этому, выделяют плохую переносимость противотуберкулёзных препаратов (ПТП) и/или их низкую концентрацию в сыворотке, не оказывающую бактерицидного эффекта. В результате литературного обзора выявлена ведущая роль полиморфизма генов в их формировании. Развитие лекарственного поражения печени, как наиболее часто встречаемого нежелательного явления, ассоциировано с полиморфизмом генов ферментов печени, участвующих в метаболизме препаратов. Определение типа ацетилирования гидразидизоникотиновой кислоты (ГИНК) по маркерам NAT2 позволяет индивидуально рассчитывать её режим дозирования. Изучение полиморфизма системы цитохрома Р450, глюкуронозилтрансферазы, альдегиддегидрогеназы и глутатион S-трансферазы позволяет повысить безопасность других ПТП. Анализ литературных источников убедительно показал влияние полиморфизма переносчиков органических веществ на концентрацию ПТП и их бактерицидный эффект. По данным ресурса PharmGKB доказана связь (1-2В уровень доказательности) между наличием мутаций гена NAT2 и токсичностью ПТП. В отношении других генов связь между наличием мутаций и безопасностью ПТП соответствует 3 уровню доказательности. Анализ инструкций по применению ПТП в реестрах разных стран показал, что некоторые упоминания о влиянии фармакогенетических маркеров на токсичность встречается только для изониазида в реестре FDA. В проведённом обзоре собрана и обобщена информация о результатах исследований влияния фармакогенетических маркеров на риски развития препарат-индуцированного поражения печени на фоне применения противотуберкулёзных препаратов и их концентрацию в сыворотке крови пациента. Это позволит персонализировать подход к применению часто назначаемых лекарственных препаратов, в рамках клинических рекомендаций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The introduction of genetics into medicine has unlocked the ability to predict drug efficacy and/or toxicity, and pharmacogenomics makes an important contribution to personalized medicine and pharmacotherapy. Pharmacogenetic testing identifies genetic variants that alter the response to a drug. At the same time, up to 95 % of the population is a carrier of at least one genetic variant; however, a patient may be a carrier of several genetic variants at the same time, which may be important not only in cases of prescription of a particular drug but also of other drugs during the future life. In this regard, two pharmacogenetic approaches are relevant — reactive or preventive testing. The current trend is pharmacogenetic panel testing as a model for precision medicine. In a multiplex panel model, several gene variants affecting drug response are tested simultaneously, and the data are stored for future use.</p><p>However, practicing physicians have difficulty with genetic information because of low awareness of pharmacogenomics or lack of proper infrastructure and IT tools. Despite the publication of pharmacogenomics guidelines in the US (CPIC) and in the European Union (DPWG), most patients are still treated according to standard clinical practice. It was strategically important to establish interdisciplinary working groups — pharmacogenomics consortia — in the USA and the European Union, the purpose of which is to introduce pharmacogenetics into widespread clinical practice. The activities of these consortia and the results achieved are presented. In the work of consortia, various studies are used to analyze the level of knowledge on pharmacogenomics, applicationof pharmacogenetic testing, and clinical results, including different methodological approaches. The foreign experience (USA, European Union, China) in the dissemination and implementation of pharmacogenomics in real clinical practice is presented.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фармакогенетика</kwd><kwd>туберкулёз</kwd><kwd>противотуберкулёзные препараты</kwd><kwd>изониазид</kwd><kwd>рифампицин</kwd><kwd>этамбутол</kwd><kwd>моксифлоксацин</kwd><kwd>левофлоксацин</kwd><kwd>линезолид</kwd><kwd>бедаквилин</kwd><kwd>деламанид</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>NAT</kwd><kwd>CYP</kwd><kwd>GST</kwd><kwd>UGT</kwd><kwd>ALDH</kwd><kwd>ABCB</kwd><kwd>SLCO1B1</kwd><kwd>PXR</kwd><kwd>CAR</kwd><kwd>FOXO1</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pharmacogenetics</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>anti-tuberculosis drugs</kwd><kwd>isoniazid</kwd><kwd>rifampicin</kwd><kwd>ethambutol</kwd><kwd>moxifloxacin</kwd><kwd>levofloxacin</kwd><kwd>linezolid</kwd><kwd>bedaquiline</kwd><kwd>delamanide</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>NAT</kwd><kwd>CYP</kwd><kwd>GST</kwd><kwd>UGT</kwd><kwd>ALDH</kwd><kwd>ABCB</kwd><kwd>SLCO1B1</kwd><kwd>PXR</kwd><kwd>CAR</kwd><kwd>FOXO1</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chakaya J, Khan M, Ntoumi F, et al. 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