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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">phgenomics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармакогенетика и фармакогеномика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2588-0527</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8849</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC "Izdatelstvo OKI"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/2588-0527-2024-1-44-52</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">OLYUOC</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">phgenomics-282</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CURRENT REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стратегия и технологии распространения и внедрения фармакогеномики в клиническую практику: зарубежный опыт</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Strategy and technologies of distribution and implementation of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice: foreign experience</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8228-1114</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марина Васильевна Леонова, д. м. н., профессор, член-корр. РАЕН, клинический фармаколог, Член Московского регионального отделения,</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Leonova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Member of the Interregional Public Organization of the Association of Clinical Pharmacologists (Moscow Branch),</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anti23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МОО «Ассоциация клинических фармакологов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Association of Clinical Pharmacologists</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Леонова М.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Леонова М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Leonova M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics.ru/jour/article/view/282">https://www.pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics.ru/jour/article/view/282</self-uri><abstract><p>Внедрение генетики в медицину раскрыло возможности предсказывать эффективность и/или токсичность лекарственных препаратов, и в настоящее время фармакогеномика вносит важный вклад в персонализированную медицину и фармакотерапию. Фармакогенетическое тестирование идентифицирует генетические варианты, изменяющие реакцию на лекарственный препарат. При этом до 95 % населения являются носителями хотя бы одного генетического варианта, но пациент может быть носителем одновременно нескольких генетических вариантов, что может иметь значение не только в случаях назначения конкретного препарата, но и других препаратов в течение будущей жизни. В этой связи, актуальны два фармакогенетических подхода — реактивное или превентивное тестирование. Современным трендом является фармакогенетическое панельное тестирование как модель прецизионной медицины. В мультиплексной панельной модели одновременно тестируется несколько вариантов генов, влияющих на реакцию на лекарство, а данные сохраняются для использования в будущем.</p><p>Вместе с тем, практикующие врачи испытывают трудности с генетической информацией из-за низкой осведомленности о фармакогеномике или отсутствия надлежащей инфраструктуры и IT-инструментов. Несмотря на публикацию руководств по фармакогеномике, в США (CPIC) и в Евросоюзе (DPWG) большинство пациентов по-прежнему лечатся в соответствии со стандартной клинической практикой. Стратегически важным было создание в США и Евросоюзе междисциплинарных рабочих групп — консорциумов по фармакогеномике, целью которых ставится внедрение фармакогенетики в широкую клиническую практику. Представлены направления деятельности данных консорциумов и достигнутые результаты. В работе консорциумов используются различные исследования по анализу уровня знаний по фармакогеномике, применения фармакогенетического тестирования, клинических результатов, включая разные методологические подходы. Представлен зарубежный опыт (США, Евросоюз, Китай) по распространению и внедрению фармакогеномики в реальную практику.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The introduction of genetics into medicine has unlocked the ability to predict drug efficacy and/or toxicity, and pharmacogenomics makes an important contribution to personalized medicine and pharmacotherapy. Pharmacogenetic testing identifies genetic variants that alter the response to a drug. At the same time, up to 95 % of the population is a carrier of at least one genetic variant; however, a patient may be a carrier of several genetic variants at the same time, which may be important not only in cases of prescription of a particular drug but also of other drugs during the future life. In this regard, two pharmacogenetic approaches are relevant — reactive or preventive testing. The current trend is pharmacogenetic panel testing as a model for precision medicine. In a multiplex panel model, several gene variants affecting drug response are tested simultaneously, and the data are stored for future use.</p><p>However, practicing physicians have difficulty with genetic information because of low awareness of pharmacogenomics or lack of proper infrastructure and IT tools. Despite the publication of pharmacogenomics guidelines in the US (CPIC) and in the European Union (DPWG), most patients are still treated according to standard clinical practice. It was strategically important to establish interdisciplinary working groups — pharmacogenomics consortia — in the USA and the European Union, the purpose of which is to introduce pharmacogenetics into widespread clinical practice. The activities of these consortia and the results achieved are presented. In the work of consortia, various studies are used to analyze the level of knowledge on pharmacogenomics, application of pharmacogenetic testing, and clinical results, including different methodological approaches. The foreign experience (USA, European Union, China) in the dissemination and implementation of pharmacogenomics in real clinical practice is presented.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фармакогеномика</kwd><kwd>превентивное тестирование</kwd><kwd>мультигенная панель</kwd><kwd>прецизионная медицина</kwd><kwd>консорциумы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pharmacogenomics</kwd><kwd>preventive testing</kwd><kwd>multigene panel</kwd><kwd>consortia</kwd><kwd>precision medicine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Relling MV, Evans WE. Pharmacogenomics in the clinic. 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