phgenomicsФармакогенетика и фармакогеномикаPharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics2588-05272686-8849LLC "Izdatelstvo OKI"phgenomics-164Research ArticleАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫCURRENT REVIEWФармакогенетика при лечении глаукомы: настоящее и будущееPharmacogenetics for glaucoma: present and futureСычёвД. А.SychevD. A.

г. Москва

РожковА. В.RozhkovA. V.

Рожков Александр Владимирович — студент 5 курса Центра инновационных образовательных программ «Медицина будущего».

г. Москва

rozkovsaha@mail.ruАлексеевИ. Б.AlekseevI. V.

г. Москва

ГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования» Минздрава РоссииРоссияRussian Medical Academy of Postgraduate EducationRussian FederationГБОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityRussian Federation201625032020011317Copyright © Сычёв Д.А., Рожков А.В., Алексеев И.Б., 20202020Сычёв Д.А., Рожков А.В., Алексеев И.Б.Sychev D.A., Rozhkov A.V., Alekseev I.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics.ru/jour/article/view/164

Сегодня фармакогенетика нашла применение во многих медицинских специальностях. В настоящее время фармакогенетическое тестирование не получило широкого распространения в офтальмологии, хотя было проведено множество исследований, которые касаются лечения такого распространённого заболевания как глаукома. В них исследователи ставили перед собой задачу изучить риск развития нежелательных побочных реакций, в зависимости от генотипа пациента. Также их интересовала эффективность проводимого лечения и её ассоциация с генами-кандидатами, такими как CYP2D6, фермент ответственный за метаболизм тимолола, который широко применяется при лечении глаукомы. Особого внимания заслуживают полиморфизмы генов рецепторов β1 и β2, оказывающих влияние на уровень снижения внутриглазного давления. Было затронуто достаточно новое направление в фармакогенетике — это фармакогенетические аспекты лечения аналогами простагландинов. В будущем подобные исследования могут способствовать повышению безопасности и эффективности лечения.

Today pharmacogenetics has been applied in many medical specialties. At the present time pharmacogenetic testing is not widely used in ophthalmology, although there have been many studies that relate to the treatment of common diseases such as glaucoma. The researchers set themselves the task to assess the risk of adverse side reactions, depending on the genotype of the patient. They were also interested in the efficacy of the treatment and its association with candidate genes, such as CYP2D6, an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of timolol, which is widely used in the treatment of glaucoma. A particular interest is gene polymorphisms of β1 and β2 receptors, affecting the level of reduction of intraocular pressure. It was mentioned a relatively new trend in pharmacogenetics — a pharmacogenetic aspects of the treatment of prostaglandin analogues. In the future such studies may contribute to improve the safety and efficacy of treatment.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.